ABSTRACT
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents clinically a variety of pathological and clinical organ dysfunctions, ranging in severity from asymptomatic to fatal. The care and monitoring of COVID-19 patients may benefit from the use of biochemical and hematological markers. Objective To observe the alteration of serum biochemical and hematological parameters in COVID-19 positive patients, attending a Tertiary Care Hospital. Method A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on all COVID-19 positive patients attending Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal from 15th December 2021 to 15th February 2022. The test results of different serum biochemical and hematological parameters done for these patients were recorded in clinical laboratory services and obtained retrospectively for the analysis. The data were entered in MS excel and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Result Out of 1537 COVID-11699 declared positive patients, 712 (46.32%) were male and 825 (53.68%) female. Mean age of COVID positive patients was 40.03±20.08 years. The level of serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP and GGT was significantly elevated in 39.9%, 42.8%, 32.3% and 47.2% of COVID positive patients respectively. Blood Urea, creatinine, uric acid and sugar level were significantly elevated in 63%, 56.1%, 33.1% and 47.6% patients respectively. The serum level of LDH, D-dimer, CRP and procalcitonin (PCT) were significantly increased in 52.1%, 75.9%, 71.6% and 61.2% of patients respectively. The serum value of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL were significantly lowered in 52.2%, 43.8%, 70.1% and 60.3% of patients respectively. RBC concentration and level of hemoglobin was reduced in 56.6% and 53.6% of COVID positive patients respectively whereas total leukocyte count was elevated in 80.7% with increase in neutrophil in 87.9% and decrease in lymphocyte in 79.4%. Conclusion A portion of COVID-19 positive patients showed drastically altered test results for various serum biochemical and hematological markers, although many of them had normal findings.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , SARS-CoV-2 , Tertiary Care Centers , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents clinically a variety of pathological and clinical organ dysfunctions, ranging in severity from asymptomatic to fatal. The care and monitoring of COVID-19 patients may benefit from the use of biochemical and hematological markers. Objective To observe the alteration of serum biochemical and hematological parameters in COVID-19 positive patients, attending a Tertiary Care Hospital. Method A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on all COVID-19 positive patients attending Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal from 15th December 2021 to 15th February 2022. The test results of different serum biochemical and hematological parameters done for these patients were recorded in clinical laboratory services and obtained retrospectively for the analysis. The data were entered in MS excel and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Result Out of 1537 COVID-11699 declared positive patients, 712 (46.32%) were male and 825 (53.68%) female. Mean age of COVID positive patients was 40.03+/-20.08 years. The level of serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP and GGT was significantly elevated in 39.9%, 42.8%, 32.3% and 47.2% of COVID positive patients respectively. Blood Urea, creatinine, uric acid and sugar level were significantly elevated in 63%, 56.1%, 33.1% and 47.6% patients respectively. The serum level of LDH, D-dimer, CRP and procalcitonin (PCT) were significantly increased in 52.1%, 75.9%, 71.6% and 61.2% of patients respectively. The serum value of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL were significantly lowered in 52.2%, 43.8%, 70.1% and 60.3% of patients respectively. RBC concentration and level of hemoglobin was reduced in 56.6% and 53.6% of COVID positive patients respectively whereas total leukocyte count was elevated in 80.7% with increase in neutrophil in 87.9% and decrease in lymphocyte in 79.4%. Conclusion A portion of COVID-19 positive patients showed drastically altered test results for various serum biochemical and hematological markers, although many of them had normal findings. Copyright © 2022, Kathmandu University. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to evaluate the concentration of particulate matter i.e. PM2.5 & PM10 in the selected metropolitan area (Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata & Bengaluru). Data used and analysed in this research was taken from the official website of CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board). Analysis is done before and during the lockdown period. For the current analysis, data from the chosen parameters (Particulate Matter with a diameter equal to or less than 10 microns (PM10) and particulate matter with a diameter equal or less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) are gathered and analysed from the source i.e. CPCP. Site wise, histogram analysis was also performed. The PM concentration is found to be the highest in Delhi, among all locations. During the study period, a clear association between PM10 and PM2.5 was observed at all the sites. A great change was observed in the values of Particulate Matter before and after the lockout cycles. In metro cities, values higher than PM10 were found to be PM2.5, except for Bangalore, where values lower than PM10 were found to be PM2.5. During the lockdown, Bengaluru was least polluted while Delhi was the most polluted city among all these metropolitan cities. During the analysis it was observed that the level of Particulate Matter (PM) got reduced as all kind of anthropogenic activities were stopped. Vehicular activities and other construction work were also stopped so it helped to reduce the PM from the surroundings. COVID-19 brought a meaningful drive to combat all kind of air related pollution and it is observed during this research. © 2022 by ASERS® Publishing. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: In India, the novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) epidemic has grown to 17,00000 cases and around 38,000 deaths up to 30th July, 2020. The impacts of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in India were studied using modified age-structured stochastic and deterministic mathematical models. Methods: A compartmental susceptible (S)-infected (symptomatic) (IS) infected (asymptomatic) (IN) recovered (R) i.e., SISINR model is developed, in which the flow of individuals through compartments is modeled using a set of differential equations. The outbreak of the novel COVID-19 pandemic is critically evaluated from all major angles using base, education, vaccination and education and vaccination models based on the modified SISINR transmission network model for their simulations in MATLAB and peak of infected cases (both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases) as well as end of pandemic is predicted in each case. Result: The numerical investigations are done for both stochastic and deterministic studies using the modified SISINR transmission network model for effective prediction about the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in India. The progress of the novel COVID-19 pandemic in India is estimated for various scenarios by varying the basic reproduction numbers from mean to extremes (general assumptions and strategies are inculcated through contact tracing based on the values of contact ratio operated for the basic reproduction numbers, 'R0'). The efficacy and potential of the education programs and vaccination programs were established with the published datasets through a validation studies. Furthermore, the outbreak of the novel COVID-19 pandemic is predicted for majorly affected cities in India on the basis of different reproduction numbers 'R0'. Conclusion: The report presented herewith could be referred to revise the government policies to (a) implement mitigatory measures such as the practice of social distancing, partial city lockdown across the nation, etc., (b) implement a 100% daily number of tests to the susceptible population of the nation, (c) improve hospital facilities and the novel COVID-19 wards, (d) improve the recovery rate with the effective implementation of base, education, vaccination and education and vaccination model to attain the equilibrium stage of pandemic at the earliest and (e) meet the objective of preventing the outbreak of the novel COVID-19 pandemic through the effective implementation of control and prevention strategies across the nation.